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Amigó, M. L., T. Herrera, L. Neñer, L. Peralta Gavensky, F. Turco, and J. Luzuriaga. "A quantitative experiment on the fountain effect in superfluid helium." European Journal of Physics 38, no. 5 (2017): 055103.
Abstract: Superfluid helium, a state of matter existing at low temperatures, shows many remarkable properties. One example is the so called fountain effect, where a heater can produce a jet of helium. This converts heat into mechanical motion; a machine with no moving parts, but working only below 2 K. Allen and Jones first demonstrated the effect in 1938, but their work was basically qualitative. We now present data of a quantitative version of the experiment. We have measured the heat supplied, the temperature and the height of the jet produced. We also develop equations, based on the two-fluid model of superfluid helium, that give a satisfactory fit to the data. The experiment has been performed by advanced undergraduate students in our home institution, and illustrates in a vivid way some of the striking properties of the superfluid state.
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