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Konstantinov, D., W. Homsi, J. Luzuriaga, C. - K. Su, M. A. Weilert, and H. J. Maris. "How Does a Bubble Chamber Work?" Journal of Low Temperature Physics 113, no. 3-4 (1998): 485–490.
Abstract: A charged particle passing through a bubble chamber produces a track of bubbles. The way in which these bubbles are produced has been a matter of some controversy. We consider the possibility that in helium and hydrogen bubble chambers the production of bubbles is primarily a mechanical process, rather than a thermal process as has often been assumed. The model we propose gives results which are in excellent agreement with experiment.
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Luzuriaga, J. "Measurements in the laminar and turbulent regime of superfluid4He by means of an oscillating sphere." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 108, no. 3-4 (1997): 267–277.
Abstract: The translational oscillations of a sphere in liquid helium have been measured as a way of studying superfluid turbulence. Experiments were carried out in the laminar flow regime for reference purposes, and good agreement found between measured and calculated quantities. In the turbulent region, the dissipation is found to be proportional to the square of the velocity of the sphere, as found previously by other workers. For high vibration amplitudes there is an increase in the hydrodynamic mass. This seems to scale with the superfluid fraction in a way that strongly suggests that the superfluid component plays an important role in the turbulent regime.
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Luzuriaga, J. "Sphere on a vibrating reed for measurements of turbulence in superfluid helium." Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2000): 265–268.
Abstract: A modification of the vibrating reed, in which a massive sphere is made to oscillate at the end of a cantilevered beam, has been used for measurements in superfluid helium. The apparatus operates in the same way as a conventional vibrating reed with capacitive detection and drive. However, when operating submerged in the liquid, the frequency changes give information on the superfluid fraction, and the dissipation can be used to obtain information on the change of liquid flow, from laminar to turbulent. The spherical geometry allows an exact calculation of all parameters in the laminar regime, so departures due to the turbulence can be better quantified. The method has been found to work well in practice, and some measurements on the turbulent regime in the superfluid are presented.
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Schmoranzer, D., M. J. Jackson, and J. Luzuriaga. "On the Non-linear Damping of Mechanical Oscillators in Flows of 4He." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 175, no. 1 (2014): 97–103.
Abstract: In the studies of both classical and quantum turbulence, significant attention is devoted to the investigation of the behavior of various submerged resonators. Upon entering the turbulent regime, the oscillators start to experience a significant drag force, which varies non-linearly with velocity. We present an empirical way of modeling such systems, and calculate the expected resonant response of such oscillators near the fundamental frequency as a function of the applied driving force. We apply the model to the crossover from linear to non-linear drag forces and compare with previous models as well as selected experimental data on the transition to turbulence in oscillatory flow of 4He.
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Zemma, E., and J. Luzuriaga. "Anomalous Trajectories of H2 Solid Particles Observed Near a Sphere Oscillating in Superfluid Turbulent 4He." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 173, no. 1-2 (2013): 71–79.
Abstract: Using a relatively low cost apparatus, consisting of a glass dewar and a digital camera capable of taking images at 240 frames per second we have observed trajectories of frozen H2 particles which follow the flow of liquid helium below 2 K, around a sphere oscillating at 38 Hz. In some of the images the motion is compatible with laminar flow, while at high amplitudes, where we can reach Reynolds numbers of a few thousand in the normal component, the flow is clearly turbulent. In some of the videos taken we find particles being suddenly accelerated to several times the velocity of the oscillating sphere.
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Zemma, E., and J. Luzuriaga. "Turbulent Flow Around an Oscillating Body in Superfluid Helium: Dissipation Characteristics of the Nonlinear Regime." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 172, no. 3-4 (2013): 256–265.
Abstract: By examining the resonance curves of an oscillator submerged in superfluid liquid helium, it is found that their shape is affected by two distinct dissipation regimes when the amplitude is large enough to generate turbulence in the liquid. In a resonance curve, the central part close to resonance, may be in a turbulent regime, but the response is of much lower amplitude away from the resonance frequency, so that the oscillation can still be in the linear regime for frequencies not exactly at resonance. This introduces an ambiguity in estimating the inverse quality factor Q −1 of the oscillator. By analyzing experimental data we consider a way of matching the two ways of estimating Q −1 and use the information to evaluate the frictional force as a function of velocity in a silicon paddle oscillator generating turbulence in the superfluid.
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Zemma, E., M. Tsubota, and J. Luzuriaga. "Possible visualization of a superfluid vortex loop attached to an oscillating Beam." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 179, no. 5 (2015): 310–319.
Abstract: Visualization using tracer particles is a relatively new tool available for the study of superfluid turbulence and flow, which is applied here to oscillating objects submerged in the liquid. We report observations of a structure seen in videos taken from outside a cryostat filled with superfluid helium at 2 K, which is possibly a vortex loop attached to an oscillator. The feature, which has the shape of an incomplete arch, is visualized due to the presence of solid H2 tracer particles and is attached to a beam oscillating at 38 Hz in the liquid. It has been recorded in videos taken at 240 frames per second, fast enough to take ∼6 images per period. This makes it possible to follow the structure, and to see that it is not rigid. It moves with respect to the oscillator, and its displacement is in phase with the velocity of the moving beam. Analyzing the motion, we come to the conclusion that we may be observing a superfluid vortex attached to the beam and decorated by the hydrogen particles. An alternative model, considering a solid hydrogen filament, has also been analyzed, but the observed phase between the movement of the beam and the filamentary structure is better explained by the superfluid vortex hypothesis.
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