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D'Anna, G., and Andr. "Flux-line response in 2H-NbSe2 investigated by means of the vibrating superconductor method." Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 218, no. 1-2 (1993): 238–244.
Abstract: We measure transverse AC losses in the low- and high-amplitude regime of 2H-NbSe2 single crystals using vibrating superconductor methods. The measurements are sensitive to small deviations of the critical state. The data constitute evidence for a peak effect of the critical current as a function of the temperature in this compound. We construct in the H-T phase diagram the “peak-effect” line which is supposed to mark an abrupt cross-over in the vortex-pinning regime.
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Haberkorn, N., S. Suárez, S. L. Bud'ko, and P. C. Canfield. "Strong pinning and slow flux creep relaxation in Co-doped CaFe2As2 single crystals." Solid State Communications 318 (2020): 113963.
Abstract: We report on measurements of critical current densities Jc and flux creep rates S of freestanding Ca(Fe1−xCox)2As2 (x ≈ 0.033) single crystals with Tc ≈ 15.7 K by performing magnetization measurements. The magnetic field dependences of Jc at low temperature display features related to strong pinning. In addition, we find that the system displays small flux creep rates. The characteristic glassy exponent, μ, and the pinning energy, U0, display exceptional high values for pristine crystals. We find that for magnetic fields between 0.3 T and 1 T, μ decreases from ≈ 2.8 to ≈ 2 and U0 remains ≈ 300 K. Analysis of the pinning force indicates that the mechanism is similar to the observed in polycrystalline systems in which grain boundaries and random disorder produce the vortex pinning. Considering the large U0 observed in the single crystal, we attempt to improve the pinning by adding random point disorder by 3 MeV proton irradiation with a fluence of 2 × 1016 proton/cm2. The results show that, unlike other iron-based superconductors, the superconducting fraction is sharply reduced by irradiation. This fact indicates that the superconductivity in the system is extremely fragile to an increment in the disorder. The superconducting volume fraction in the irradiated crystal systematically recovers after removal disorder by thermal annealing, which evidences as to the observation of critical state in curves of magnetization versus magnetic field. No features related to a reentrant antiferromagnetic transition are observed for the irradiated sample.
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Herbsommer, J. A., J. Luzuriaga, and S. - W. Cheong. "Vortex glass melting in single crystal La1.825 Sr0.075CuO4." Physica C 258, no. 1-2 (1996): 169–174.
Abstract: The vortex phase diagram in single crystalline La1.85Sr0.075CuO4 has been studied using an AC-susceptibility technique. A peak in the out-of-phase (x?) component of the susceptibility indicates a transition from a pinned flux lattice (FLL) to an unpinned one. This peak is frequency dependent for all the values of the magnetic field measured (0.01 to 4 T), and this, as well as the general behavior found in the cuprates, has prompted us to interpret our data as evidence for a vortex-glass to liquid transition in the FLL. The activation energies obtained can be fitted to a theory developed by Vinokur et al. Measurements with the magnetic field at an angle with the Cu-O planes may also be understood qualitatively within this framework.
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Herbsommer, J. A., J. Luzuriaga, L. Civale, G. Nieva, G. Pasquini, H. Lanza, and P. Levy. "Angular variation of pinning near the irreversibility temperature in single crystal Y Ba2Cu3O7-? with splayed columnar defects." Physica C 304, no. 1-2 (1998): 112–118.
Abstract: We have studied vortex pinning through ac susceptibility measurements in single crystals of YBCO with columnar defects (CDs). The CDs have 0, 10 and 20 splay angle and average direction 108 off the c-axis. By studying the angular variation we can compensate for the anisotropy and effects of twins, etc. Using a simple expression we can obtain the angular spread when the field direction is outside the splay angle. An increase of pinning when the field direction is inside
the angle defined by the CDs can be attributed to vortex entanglement due to the splay and the suppression of the sliding of double kinks.
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L. "Dynamic softening of vortex lines in YBa2Cu3O7-? single crystals." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 260, no. 3-4 (1996): 211–216.
Abstract: Transport measurements in the mixed state of oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7-? single crystals using the flux transformer configuration show that the flux liquid changes with increasing anisotropy from strongly correlated to uncorrelated in the field direction. For intermediate coupling, the current inducing loss of vortex correlation has a maximum near the irreversibility temperature. Thus, an effective softening of vortex lines with decreasing temperature is detected. We propose a simple model that accounts for this behavior by including the effects of the pinning potential on the dynamics of vortices.
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Maiorov, B., A. V. Silhanek, F. De la Cruz, E. Osquiguil, A. Rydh, and Rapp. "Comment on “strong vortex liquid correlation from multiterminal measurements on untwinned YBa2Cu3O7-? single crystals” [2] (multiple letters)." Physical Review Letters 88, no. 13 (2002).
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