D'Anna, G., W. Benoit, J. Luzuriaga, and H. Berger. "Dynamic and static mechanical measurements of flux-lattice softening and associated hysteretic depinning dissipation peak in YBa2Cu3Ox ceramic." Europhysics Letters 13, no. 5 (1990): 465–471.
Abstract: We have studied flux-lattice dissipation in YBa2Cu3Ox ceramic using a forced inverted torsional pendulum. Reversible restoring force variations during temperature sweep suggest that flux lines experience a “hard-soft” transition between 50 K and Tc. Measurements of internal friction and modulus change as a function of the applied stress show a typical depinning behaviour. This dissipation peak during the temperature sweep is understood as a hysteretic depinning in which the critical force depends upon the penetration depth.
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