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Lopez, D., E. F. Righi, G. Nieva, F. de la Cruz, W. K. Kwok, J. A. Fendrich, G. W. Crabtree, and L. Paulius. "Amplification of the c-axis vortex correlation by twin-boundary pinning at the vortex liquid-solid phase transition." PHYSICAL REVIEW B 53 (1996): R8895.
Abstract: Transport measurements using the dc flux transformer configuration together with c-axis resistance data in clean and twinned YBa2Cu3O7-δ single crystals show that vortices are localized by the twin-boundary potential. The results support the existence of a divergent tilt modulus [D. R. Nelson and V. M. Vinokur, Phys. Rev. B 48, 13 060 (1993)] in a liquid that freezes into a Bose glass
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